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374 cards

Python Easy Theory

Python best practices: PEP 8, readability, idiomatic code, reusable functions, and meaningful naming

Pythonic code values readability, small reusable functions, sensible naming, and style consistency guided by PEP 8.

Readability counts
Names should reveal intent
Idiomatic code is clear before it is clever

#best-practices #python #style

Python Medium Theory

Python execution model, bytecode, and PYC files

CPython compiles source to bytecode, may cache it in `.pyc` files, and then runs that bytecode on the Python virtual machine.

Compilation step creates bytecode
Import can cache `.pyc`
Virtual machine executes bytecode instructions

#bytecode #python #runtime

Python Easy Theory

Python operators overview

Python includes arithmetic, comparison, logical, membership, identity, bitwise, and assignment operators.

Operator families solve different problems
`is` is identity, `==` is equality
Bitwise operators are lower-level but still interview-relevant

#basics #operators #python

Python Easy Theory

Python overview and key features

Python is a high-level, readable, batteries-included language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and functional styles.

Readable syntax
Large standard library
Works well for scripting, backend, data, and automation

#basics #overview #python

Python Medium Theory

range, enumerate, zip, reversed, sorted, any, all, map, and filter

Python ships with iteration helpers that make common loops shorter and clearer when used carefully.

enumerate pairs index with value
zip walks iterables together
any and all summarize boolean checks

#builtins #iteration #python

Python Medium Theory

Regular expressions: search vs match, groups, and substitution

Python regular expressions help when patterns are simpler to express declaratively than with manual loops.

`search` scans anywhere, `match` starts at the front
Groups capture subpatterns
`sub` performs replacements

#python #regex #strings

Python Easy Theory

REPL and script execution in Python

The REPL is great for quick experiments, while scripts are how you save repeatable program logic.

REPL is interactive
Scripts are file-based
Both still run through the interpreter

#python #runtime #workflow

Python Medium Theory

Return values, multiple return values, function annotations, and docstrings

Python functions can return any object, often pack multiple results into a tuple, and may document intent through annotations and docstrings.

Multiple returns are tuple packing
Annotations describe intent, not runtime enforcement by default
Docstrings explain usage and behavior

#functions #python #typing

Python Easy Theory

Set operations and frozenset in Python

Sets support fast membership checks and mathematical operations like union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.

Sets remove duplicates
frozenset is immutable and hashable
Set algebra is useful in filtering and comparison problems

#collections #python #sets

Python Medium Theory

Shallow copy vs deep copy

A shallow copy copies the outer container; a deep copy recursively copies nested objects too.

Shallow shares nested refs
Deep duplicates nested refs
copy and deepcopy from copy module

#copying #objects #python

Python Easy Theory

Single underscore, double underscore, name mangling, and dunder methods

A single underscore is a convention for internal use, double underscore triggers name mangling in classes, and dunder names are reserved for language-defined behavior.

Single underscore is social, not enforced
Double underscore rewrites names to reduce accidental clashes
Dunder names should not be invented casually

#conventions #oop #python

Python Medium Theory

Standard library essentials: `os`, `sys`, `math`, `datetime`, `itertools`, `functools`, `re`, `subprocess`, `logging`, and `typing`

Python's standard library covers operating-system access, math, dates, iteration helpers, subprocesses, logging, regular expressions, and typing support.

Know the purpose of common modules
Reach for stdlib before extra dependencies
Interviews reward practical module selection

#python #stdlib #tools